One of the easiest ways to quickly grasp the theme of a story is to go back and re-read the first chapter and the last. The Bible, for example, begins in the garden of Eden and ends in the new Jerusalem, two unique and vivid pictures of God’s kingdom.
Many people today read the phrase “kingdom of God” as a synonym for “heaven” or “our eternal reward.” That’s one of the dangers of reading ancient literature. We can easily invest ancient words and phrases with modern meanings the author never intended. If we want to understand what Jesus meant when he proclaimed that the kingdom of God was at hand, we need to begin by asking what his original listeners would have thought he meant. We soon discover that the concept of the kingdom of God has deep roots in the Old Covenant. We can’t jump into the middle of the story and expect to understand what Jesus meant by the phrase. We need to start at the beginning.
Eden may be the best image the Bible offers of what it means to participate in God’s kingdom. All creation was God’s kingdom, living in peace and harmony under his reign and rule. The first man and woman experienced intimate, loving relationships with God and each other, until they chose to deny his right to rule in their loves. In doing so, they plunged God’s good creation into the darkness and chaos of sin and evil and, as a result, were cast of out of God’s kingdom.
But God immediately set in motion a plan to renew and restore his creation, to make right everything that had gone wrong. He did so by forming a new kingdom, Israel, from Abraham’s family. He called them, gave them his law, and set them apart as his means to bring renewal and redemption to the world. The only problem was that the chosen people were themselves flawed. They failed God and broke his covenant. The kingdom was eventually ripped from their hands, and they were led into captivity in Assyria and Babylon.
But that was not the end of God’s plan. He sent prophets to announce that one day God would forgive Israel’s sins. One day, he would re-establish his kingdom. This time God’s law would not be written on tablets of stone, but on our hearts.
So when Jesus began traveling around Galilee announcing “the kingdom of God is at hand,” he was simply writing the next chapter in an ongoing story. His audience was in a better place to quickly grasp his message than we are. They immediately connected his preaching with the promises of Isaiah and Jeremiah and the other prophets that God would restore the kingdom to Israel. God was ready to renew his kingdom, to establish his rule and reign in a way that no one could have anticipated.
Here’s the key point: the primary theme of the Old Testament was the kingdom of God. Everything God did to renew and restore the world took place in the context of his kingdom.

